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To improve the microstructure uniformity of forged H13 die steel, targeted chemical composition design and manufacturing process optimization are implemented. The forging procedure is rationally arranged; H13 die steel is produced by electroslag remelting, followed by annealing and heat treatment. Inspection on the microstructure uniformity of finished H13 dies shows that compared with conventional cast steel ingots, electroslag remelted die steel features better microstructure uniformity, higher density and significantly improved macrostructure.

High final forging temperature and slow cooling rate of forged H13 steel easily induce coarse network carbides, which cannot be eliminated by conventional annealing. Adding a high-temperature ultra-refining process prior to spheroidizing annealing can suppress the precipitation of network secondary carbides and form fine lamellar pearlite. Meanwhile, alloying elements are fully dissolved and segregation is substantially improved.

Hot work tool steels, such as H13 (1.2344), are critical materials used in industries like forging, die-casting, and extrusion, where tools are exposed to high temperatures, mechanical stresses, and thermal cycles. These steels are specifically designed to withstand the harsh conditions of hot working processes, ensuring the durability and performance of molds, dies, and other tooling components.

● Cold Rolling Mill Rolls require coordinated control of material, heat treatment, grinding, and operating conditions to achieve strong roll wear resistance. ● Stable roll service life depends on both manufacturing quality and disciplined roll maintenance during daily production. ● Roll surface hardening can improve wear behavior, but it must match the roll material and mill conditions. ● Uneven wear, thermal damage, and fatigue failure can often be reduced through correct lubrication, cleaning, and parameter control. ● Longer-lasting Cold Rolling Mill Rolls contribute to lower downtime, better thickness stability, and more consistent surface quality.

Roller cutters for raise boring machines serve as the core rock-breaking tools for raise boring construction in underground engineering, and their performance directly governs drilling efficiency, construction cost and project quality. This paper systematically elaborates on the technical principles, classification, structural features and key technologies of raise boring disc cutters, analyzes the innovative progress of core technologies including cutter mounting positioning, bearing sealing and insert profile design, and prospects the future technical development trends of such cutters.

The ultra-wide square plate forging for shield cutter heads features a special structure characterized by large width and small thickness. The ultra-wide thin-plate cutter head square plate forging manufactured this time, with dimensions of 5750 mm × 5750 mm × 380 mm, belongs to the field of extreme manufacturing. It presents extremely high difficulty in width expansion and imposes stricter requirements on grain size and molten steel purity control. The traditional process route of "upsetting and drawing + wide-anvil flat drawing + 90° rotary drawing" is very difficult to control. Through process innovation, a new process scheme of "dimension-controlled preforming + rotary anvil-feeding width-expansion drawing + four-side flattening" is proposed. By strengthening the control over smelting and heat treatment processes, the production trial has been successfully completed.